Zoo veterinarians manage the health of diverse captive species including mammals, reptiles, birds, and amphibians. Their responsibilities include diagnostics, anesthesia, surgery, welfare monitoring, nutrition planning, quarantine oversight, and preventive care. They collaborate with zookeepers, nutritionists, behaviourists, and conservationists. The role requires deep species-specific knowledge, problem-solving, and advanced clinical skills. As global conservation breeding programs expand and animal welfare standards improve, opportunities for zoo veterinarians continue to grow. Advanced imaging, enrichment science, and minimally invasive procedures are reshaping the field.